Bread making tools in ancient Egypt

Document Type : Academic scientific reviews of any other material related to the main domains of this Journal.

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Higher Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations Zagazig University

Abstract

The ancient Egyptians relied on bread as their support, and they even showed great respect for it, and there is an ancient text: If you find a piece of bread on the road, lift it from the ground and put it aside so that no one passing by will trample on it. The names of bread were many among the ancient Egyptians throughout historical periods, as were their types and shapes.

and its shapes, which were mentioned in the offering tables, in addition to being mentioned in the texts of the pyramids and religious books. The oldest name for bread in the Old Kingdom appeared in the texts and seals and in the pre-dynastic period and the First Dynasty. There were many types of bread, and its shapes, since the First Dynasty seals, have been on 0ffering tables. Its sizes and shapes have also varied between round, oval, and conical, and the ways of its decoration and color have also varied, which were usually used on 0ffering tables.

The ancient Egyptian did not rely on bread as a basic food, but rather diversified the food. Foods with plant origins ranked high next to bread. There were many crops grown by the farmer, some of which he relied on for his daily food and drink: grains, legumes, oil plants, and vegetables.

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