ahwal almawtaa walamur alakharaa ( alshafatu, makruhi, khulud almumin fi aljanati, ruyat allah eaza wajala) bayn alsanat 'ahl alabadiat dirasatan sameiatan wasfiat muqaranatan

The research presents a comparative study between Ahl al-Sunnah (Sunnis) and the Ibadiyya on four theological issues related to the states of the dead and matters of the Hereafter: intercession (al-Shafā‘a), the ruling on the perpetrator of major sins, the eternal abode of the believer in Paradise, and the vision of God Almighty.



Ahl al-Sunnah affirm intercession for sinful monotheists under its prescribed conditions, do not declare a major sinner an unbeliever if he does not deem the sin lawful, and maintain that such a person may be punished but will ultimately be brought out of Hell by God’s mercy and the intercession of the intercessors. They also believe in the eternal dwelling of believers in Paradise and the possibility of seeing God in the Hereafter, without encompassing Him or likening Him to creation.



In contrast, the Ibadiyya restrict intercession to the pious alone, consider a major sinner a disbeliever who will abide in Hell forever if he dies without repentance, agree with Ahl al-Sunnah on the eternal abode of believers in Paradise, but categorically deny the vision of God.



The divergence stems from differences in sources of reception and textual interpretation: Ahl al-Sunnah tend toward affirmation without negation or distortion, while the Ibadiyya rely on figurative interpretation, claiming to preserve God’s transcendence.



The study recommends fostering scholarly dialogue between Islamic schools, conducting foundational research on disputed theological issues, editing classical works on sects with objective methodology, understanding the historical background of doctrinal disputes, and encouraging academic initiatives to