Female Physicians and Deities of Women's Health Care from the beginning of times until the end of the Middle Kingdom

Document Type : Academic scientific reviews of any other material related to the main domains of this Journal.

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Higher Institute of Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations Zagazig University

Abstract

The ancient Egyptians believed in a group of creatures between gods and humans, with great power and a dual nature that performs good and evil deeds.

Women were allowed to work as writers and doctors in smaller numbers than men, and records that included the names of female doctors date back to the Old Kingdom.

Some women also worked as (midwives), who practiced the process of childbirth, and they performed some childbirth operations in many temples.

"The ancient Egyptians believed that every disease from the work of evil spirits takes control of its evil power when confronted with the strongest effect, it disappears and the patient is cured."

Some methods of magic were used to treat pain that had no known causes or one of the psychologically effective causes, and scientists said that the science of magic dates back to the oldest times of the ancient Egyptians, and magicians had their own schools, and they described them as being under the care and protection of the god (Thoot), who believed that Thoth "was the first to write scientific books and dazzling talismans for magic."

They also used to sanctify the gods they worshipped, and they believed that (Isah), (Sekhmet), and (Imhotep) were the gods of medicine, and they described (Isah) as the true goddess of medicine.

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